Often I like to reduce the 
alpha value (level of transparency) of colours to identify patterns of over-plotting when displaying lots of data points with R.  So, here is a tiny function that allows me to add an alpha value to a given vector of colours, e.g. a 
RColorBrewer palette, using 
col2rgb and 
rgb, which has an argument for 
alpha, in combination with the wonderful 
apply and sapply functions. 
The example below illustrates how this function can be used with colours provided in different formats, thanks to the 
col2rgb function. 
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